Emu oil Capsules

Capsules

with the Omega 9,3 & 6 combination that simply works for you

Emu Heaven golden emu oil capsules contain tte Omega 9, 3 & 6 combination that our customers swear by. Emu Heaven Golden Emu Oil Capsules may show to be the forgotten traditional medicine of the twenty first century. Tests are done on the Omega Fatty Acids that have shown as a dietary supplement the Raw Omega Fatty Acids which provide a balanced source of fatty acids including; Linolenic acid (Omega 3), Linoleic acid (Omega 6) & Oleic acid (Omega 9) are beneficial to general health and wellness.Sientifically proven to assist with Arthritis and skin conditions and recently shown to be a natural antioxident and Emu oil has shown great results with hair rejuvination.Our emu oil capsules are powerful natural medicine so we'll have you running like an emu in no time!

Inflammapharmacology Report 200 by Dr Michael Whitehouse shows with carefull processing, genetics and by natural feeding of our Emus we are able to achieve the best quality Emu oil possible.Emu Heaven Golden Emu Oil capsules contain 1000mg of pure natural Golden Emu Oil that's 25% more Emu Oil than most other brands. Get what you pay for- Emu Oil.Witness for yourself what the natural Anti-Infalmmatory properties of Emu Heaven Golden Emu Oil Capsules may do for you. 

Alma Emu Farma

1. What Is AEA (American Emu Association) Certified Emu Oil?
   AEA Certified Emu Oil is pure emu oil that has been tested at the time of processing by an AOCS (American Oil Chemist Society) certified chemist and has been certified to meet the stringent specifications for the Emu Oil Fully Refined Trade rules. This well- documented certification process ensures that the pure emu oil has been tested and has achieved the specifications of Fully-Refined Emu Oil and a sample is held in storage for each batch of pure emu oil that has achieved the Fully Refined Specifications. Only pure emu oil that has gone through this stringent evaluation process can carry the AEA Certification Seal.
2. What are the Emu Oil Trade Rules?
   The trade rules were established by the American Emu Association under the advisement and consultation of members of the American Oil Chemist Society. These rules were modeled after trade rules established by other natural oil industries, such as soybean, cotton seed, rice oil and so forth. These well-defined trade rules help the buyer know what grade of pure oil that they are purchasing. The Emu Oil Trade Rules are divided into three different grades, Crude Emu Oil, Once Refined Emu Oil and Fully Refined Emu Oil. These Emu Oil Trade Rules are defined and displayed on the AEA website at http://www.aea-emu.org.
3. What is Fully Refined Emu Oil?
   Pure Emu Oil that has been properly processed and has met the stringent specifications listed in the Fully Refined Trade Rules for moisture content below 0.10%, Peroxide (oxidation component) below 2 and Free Fatty Acid (oxidation component) below 0.10 %.
4. Why is Fully Refined Emu Oil Important?
   This Fully Refined designation or specification for pure emu oil is primarily for the safety of the consumer. If moisture is above the 0.10% level, bacteria will have a tendency to grow. By removing the peroxide and free fatty acids, other contamination components will be removed, for example; hormones, toxic metals, pesticides, viruses and infections (e-coli, salmonella for example that may have contaminated the raw material at the animal processing plants).
5. What Danger is it to use grades of pure emu oil that are not Fully Refined?
   Danger only exists when the pure emu oil is to be used on the human skin or is to be taken orally. If the pure emu oil is not Fully Refined, there is risk that the oil is contaminated or has not been sterilized. To be assured that you are purchasing Fully Refined Emu Oil, always look for the AEA Certification Seal on every bottle of Emu Oil that you buy. If the AEA Certification seal is not exhibited on the bottle of pure emu oil that you purchase, then you are merely taking the word of the seller that the grade of emu oil is what they are claiming.
6. Does High Temperature processing effect the Emu Oil’s anti-inflammatory activity?
   The University of Massachusetts studied the anti-inflammatory effects of Emu Oil through the typical soybean physical refining process. This study compared the anti-inflammatory activity of crude emu oil (emu fat that has been broken down at low temperatures) to the anti-inflammatory activity present after each processing step, water wash, bleaching, deodorization (steam strip and Molecular distillation). The results of this comparison study showed that there is no significant differences in the anti-inflammatory activity of emu oil rendered at low temperature and emu oil processed at temperatures above 450 degrees F. This study proved that taking emu oil to high temperatures does not significantly reduce any of the anti-inflammatory activities of the emu oil but the higher temperature does provide a much safer emu oil for human use.
7. Is the yellow shade Emu Oil better than white Emu Oil?
   The University of Massachusetts studied the anti-inflammatory effects of white Emu Oil compared to yellow Emu Oil and found no differences in the anti-inflammatory activities of the emu oil.
8. Is Australian Crude Emu Oil superior to American Crude Emu Oil?
   The University of Massachusetts compared the anti-inflammatory activity of the American Crude Emu Oil and the Australian Crude Emu Oil and found no differences. This past year, the American Emu Association gathered crude emu oil samples from 9 countries around the world, including Australia, Canada and New Zealand. These samples were gathered, tested and compared to the fatty acid analysis of American emu oil and the findings were that there are no significant differences in crude emu oil regardless of the country of origin.
9. Is there a difference in corn fed emus and other grain fed emus?
   From AEA studies, the feed was found to effect the color of the emu oil, but the feed does not effect the trans-dermal and anti-inflammatory activity.
10. Does an American farmer have to use wormers and anti-biotics since the emus are domestically raised in pens?
    Emus are different from many animals in that their body temperature is so high that medication and worming is not normally necessary. The emu is a very hearty animal that appears to be immune to most diseases that affect other livestock in America. The typical American farmer does not normally use any antibiotics on their farm raised emus as it is unnecessary and there hasn’t been sufficient research performed to identify the responsiveness of an emu to antibiotics. The typical American emu farmer does not use growth hormones or steroids on their farm raised emus as the feed industry has developed superior natural feeds that closely match the nutrition that the emu requires to obtain maximum weight and production.
11. Does Molecular Distillation of the Fully Refined emu oil make the oil safer or improve the oil?
    There has been no valid scientific research performed indicating that the additional step of Molecular Distillation of Fully-Refined emu oil improves the purity or the capabilities of emu oil. Since scientific research has not been able to identify the active ingredient in emu oil that gives emu oil its research proven capabilities, care must be taken in further processing of Fully-Refined emu oil to ensure that the emu oil capabilities are not removed or diminished. It is very possible that further refining of Fully-Refined emu oil by Molecular Distillation methods may remove additional component matter from the Fully-Refined emu oil, but there has been no scientific research conducted to prove that the performance of the resultant oil has or has not been altered or diminished by this additional processing step. Also, none of the removed component matter has been scientifically proven to be harmful or unnecessary. Currently, all scientific emu oil research at the University Of Massachusetts has been conducted using either crude emu oil or Fully-Refined emu oil. Until such time as valid research is presented and published in the scientific community, the additional step of Molecular Distilling Fully-Refined emu oil is deemed to be unnecessary.
12. Why are there so many price variations found for pure emu oil?
    Emu oil pricing is basically determined by the analytical analysis of the emu oil to be sold and market supply and demand. That analytical analysis of the emu oil to be sold will correspond to one of the Trade Rule specifications designated by the American Emu Association.

நெருப்பு கோழி பறவையா, விலங்கா ?

நெருப்பு கோழி :

    நெருப்பு கோழி பறவை இனத்தை சேர்ந்தது அல்ல, அது விலங்கு என்று பாகிஸ்தானின் பஞ்சாப் மாநில சட்டசபை அறிவித்துள்ளது.

    பாகிஸ்தான் பஞ்சாப் மாநிலத்தில் நெருப்பு கோழி பற்றி சுவாரசியமான சர்ச்சை எழுந்தது. கடைசியில் நெருப்பு கோழி பறவை இனத்தை சேர்ந்தது அல்ல, விலங்கு இனத்தை சேர்ந்ததுதான் என்று சட்ட திருத்தம் செய்து கவர்னரின் ஒப்புதலுக்கு அனுப்பியது. ஆனால், நெருப்பு கோழி பறவை இனத்தை சேர்ந்தது என்று கூறி சட்ட திருத்தத்தில் கையெழுத்திட கவர்னர் மறுத்து விட்டார். இதையடுத்து கடந்த புதன்கிழமை (18.7.2012) சட்டசபையை மீண்டும் கூட்டி நெருப்பு கோழி பற்றி விரிவாக விவாதம் நடத்தினர். கடைசியில் பெரும்பான்மை உறுப்பினர்களின் ஆதரவுடன், நெருப்பு கோழி விலங்குதான் என்று மசோதா மீண்டும் நிறைவேற்றப்பட்டது. இதுகுறித்து பஞ்சாப் சட்டத் துறை அமைச்சர் ரானா சனா கூறுகையில், ஆடு போன்ற விலங்குகள் பட்டியலில் நெருப்பு கோழியும் சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. பஞ்சாப் மாநிலத்தில் இறைச்சி பற்றாக்குறை உள்ளது. இதை சமாளிக்க நெருப்பு கோழி விலங்கு என்று அறிவிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது என்றார்.

    உலகம் முழுவதும் இறைச்சிக்காக நெருப்பு கோழி மற்றும் அதன் இறைச்சி விற்பனை அதிகரித்து வருகிறது. நெருப்பு கோழியின் இறைச்சி உடலுக்கு நல்லது என்றும் அமைச்சர் கூறியுள்ளார். 

நெருப்புக்கோழி சில சில சுவாரஸ்யங்கள் 

1* நெருப்புக்கோழியின் எடை 60 முதல் 120 கிலோ வரை இருக்கும்.

 இதன் உயரம் ஐந்து முதல் ஆறு அடி வரை இருக்கும். சாதாரண கோழிகளுக்கு கால்களில் நான்கு விரல்கள் இருக்கும் இதற்கு இரண்டு விரல்கள் மட்டுமே இருக்கும். இதன் ஆயுள் 68 ஆண்டுகள். 

2* இது ஆண்டுக்கு 10 முட்டைகள் மட்டுமே இடும். நெருப்புக்கோழியின் முட்டைதான் உலகிலேயே மிகப்பெரியது. சாதாரண கோழி முட்டையை விட இது 40 மடங்கு பெரியது. நெருப்புக்கோழிக்கு மோப்ப சக்தியும் அதிகம். இதன் முட்டையை யாராவது தொட்டிருந்தால் கூட மோப்ப சக்தியின் மூலம் கண்டுபிடித்து விடுமாம். பின்னர், கோபத்தில் அந்த முட்டையை உடைத்து விடுமாம். அதேபோன்று இதற்கு பார்வை திறனும் அதிகம். ஒரு சில கிலோ மீட்டர் தூரத்தில் உள்ள பொருட்களையும் பார்க்கக் கூடிய சக்தி உள்ளது. 

3* நெருப்புக்கோழி மிக வேகமாக ஓடிக் கூடியவை. உறுதியான கால்களும், இரும்பு போன்ற அலகும் கொண்டது. ஒரே உதையில் மனிதனை கொல்லக் கூடிய அளவுக்கு இதன் கால்கள் வலிமையானவை. அதேபோன்று, இது தனது அலகால் கொத்தினால், மனிதனின் மண்டை ஒட்டிலேயே ஓட்டை விழுந்துவிடுமாம். 

3* நெருப்புக்கோழி உப்பை மிட்டாய் போல உண்ணக் கூடியவை. மாமிச பட்சிணிகளுக்குத் தேவையான உப்பு அவற்றின் இரையின் சதையிலிருந்தும், எலும்புகளிலிருந்தும் கிடைத்து விடுகிறது. ஆனால், சாகபட்சிணிகளுக்கு தாவரங்களிலிருந்து சோடியம் குளோரைட் உப்பு கிடைப்பதில்லை. எனவே, அப்பிராணிகள் உவர் மண்ணைத் தின்று உப்பைப் பெறுகின்றன. இந்த உப்பு அவற்றின் உடலில் உள்ள அதிகப்படியான பொட்டாஷியத்தை சிறுநீர் மூலமாக வெளியே தள்ள உதவுகிறது. மேலும் இரத்தத்தை சுத்தமாக வைத்திருக்கவும் பயன்படுகிறது. 

emu

Emus are curious and docile. They are about 10 inches tall at birth, with black and white stripes. As 3-month-old chicks,  they turn nearly solid black, changing into a tan,  brown, and black mixture as adults, some with a bluish neck. The feathers are downy, with no stiff vein running through the center.

Female (in front) and male 2 week old emu chicks. The mature emu is 5 to 6 feet tall and normally weighs 90 to 120 pounds. They are flightless and strong runners, reaching ground speeds of up to 40 miles per hour in short bursts and covering about nine feet in stride. Emus adapt well to temperature extremes from in excess of 100 degrees to below zero. No diseases have yet been diagnosed as common to the species. They can exist on a simple diet and require much water, drinking 2 to 4 gallons daily. They also will play in water or mud. The Emu hen can be productive for 25 to 35 years or more and may lay 20 to 50 eggs in a season. A hen may lay as early as 18 months, but normally laying begins at 2 to 3 years old. Pairs normally breed from October to April, usually producing one egg every three days. Incubation time is 48 - 52 days and the percentage of eggs hatched is approximately 70 - 80%. Chick survival rates are excellent. Emus are very hardy. The emerald green egg, which normally hatches in about 48 to 52 days, produces a chick that will walk within hours and run within days. The chicks achieve rapid growth, gaining their height by one year of age. After six months, the birds have shed most of their chick feathers for the fluffy, elegant feathers of the adult. For most climate conditions, the birds need shelter during the first few months, although the birds are very hardy and adaptable.

About EMU Brids

About EMU Brids :

The emu is a totally marketable bird. The emu feathers, eggs and toenails are being used as creative jewelry accents for fashion items and uniquely in craft goods such as backgrounds for fine artistic paintings. From a consumer perspective, the emu represents a natural resource useful to an unprecedented standard.Emus are curious and docile. They are about 10 inches tall at birth, with black and white stripes. As 3-month-old chicks, they turn nearly solid black, changing into a tan, brown, and black mixture as adults, some with a bluish neck. The feathers are downy, with no stiff vein running through the center.  Click Here For More

Services We Offer For Opening EMU Farms & Hatcheries.

To Start an Eum Farm: Guidelines for Selection of Land, Water, Security required for your Emu Farm. Selling of 3 month to 5 years old birds. Hatching: Hatching will be provided for new farmers at nominal maintance cost. Maintance Support: We Provide maintance and Vetinary support. Purchase of fertilized eggs from the customers. Provide information about Emu through literature and books. Guidance for Bank Loans.                                                                                                         by                                                                                       Alma Emu Farms                                                                                   http://almakv.blogspot.in/                                                                                www.almaemufarms.com

Emu Farms

 emu farms

Emu farm economic survey indicated that cost involved in purchase of breeding stock were expensive (68%). The rest of the investments are on farm (13%) and hatchery (19%). Feeding cost per breeding pair per annum was estimated to be Rs. 3600.Cost of production of hatching egg and day-old chick was Rs.793 and 1232 respectively. Annual feed intake per pair was recorded as 524 kg, costing Rs.3578. The cost of salable chick at day-old age was Rs.2500-3000.The cost of salable chick at 3 mont age  was   Rs.5000-6000.  Better returns from emu are possible with good hatchability (more than 80%),lower feeding cost and minimized chick mortality (less than 10%).

Alma Emu Farms

Emu rearing

Emus belong to ratite group and have high economic value for their meat, eggs, oil, skin and feathers. These birds are adaptable to varied climatic conditions. Although emu and ostrich were introduced in India, emu farming has gained much importance.

Ratite birds have poorly developed wings and include emu, ostrich, rhea, cassowary and kiwi. Emu and ostrich are reared commercially in many parts of the world for their meat, oil, skin and feathers, which are of high economic value. The anatomical and physiological features of these birds appear to be suitable for temperate and tropical climatic conditions. These birds can be well maintained on extensive (ranches) and semi intensive rearing systems with reasonably high fibrous diets. United State, Australia and China are leading in emu farming. Emu birds are well adapted to Indian climatic conditions.

Features of Emu Emu has long neck, relatively small naked head, three toes and body covered with feathers Birds initially have longitudinal stripes on body (0-3 months age) then gradually turn to brown by 4-12 months age. Mature birds have bare blue neck and mottled body feathers. Adult bird height is about 6 feet with a weight of 45-60 kg. Legs are long covered with scaly skin adaptable to hardy and dry soil. Natural food of emu is insects, tender leaves of plant and forages. It also eats different kinds of vegetables and fruits like carrot, cucumber, papaya etc. Female is the larger of the two, especially during breeding season when the male may fast. The female is the dominant member of the pair. Emus live for about 30 years. It may produce eggs for more than 16 years. Birds can be maintained as flock or pair.

Management of Chicks Emu chicks weigh about 370 to 450 g (about 67% of egg weight) depending on the size of egg. First 48-72 hours, emu chicks are restricted to incubator for quick absorption of the yolk and proper drying. Clean and disinfect brooding shed thoroughly and well in advance of receiving chicks, spread litter (paddy husk) and cover new gunny bags or burlap over the litter. Arrange a set of brooder for about 25-40 chicks giving 4 sft per chick for first 3 weeks. Provide brooding temperature of 900F at first 10 days and 850F till 3-4 weeks. Proper temperature makes the brood successful. Provide sufficient water mugs of a liter capacity and equal number of feeder troughs under the brooder. A chick guard must be 2.5 feet height to avoid jumping and straying of chicks. A 40 watt bulb should burn in the brooder shed throughout the day for every 100 sft area. After 3 weeks of age, slowly extend the brooder area by widening the chick guard circle and later remove it by the time chicks attain 6 weeks. Feed starter mash for the first 14 weeks or till attaining standard body weight of 10 kg. Ensure proper floor space for the birds housed, as these birds require run space for their healthy life. 30 ft run space is required; hence floor space of 40ft x 30ft is required for about 40 chicks, if out door space is provided. Floor must be easily drained and free from dampness. Do’s:   Never over crowd the pen For the first few days, provide sanitized water and anti-stress agents Clean the waters daily, otherwise automatic waters are preferable Monitor the birds daily for their comfort, feed intake, water intake, litter condition etc for making immediate corrections if any. Ensure proper mineral and vitamins in the feed for healthy growth of chicks and to avoid leg deformities. Practice all- in -all -out rearing to maintain better biosecurity Don’ts: Never handle the birds during hot hours. Birds easily excite. Hence, calm and quite environment in the pen is required Birds easily grab any item, so avoid certain objects like nails, pebbles etc in the vicinity of birds Avoid unauthorized persons, material into the farm. Proper biosecurity must be ensured Never keep the birds on smooth and paddy husk spread surface, as the young chicks easily excite, run and break their legs due to slipperiness.

Grower management As Emu chicks grow, they require bigger size waterers and feeders and increased floor space. Identify sexes and rear them separately. If necessary, place sufficient paddy husk in the pen to manage the litter in good and dry condition. Feed the birds on grower mash till birds attain 34 weeks age or 25 kg body weight. Offer greens to about 10% of diet particularly different kinds of leaf meals for making the birds adapt to fibrous diets. Provide clean water all the time and offer feed as much as they want. Ensure dry litter condition through out the grower stage. If necessary, add required quantity of paddy husk to the pen. Provide 40ft x 100 ft space for 40 birds if out door space is considered. Floor must be easily drained and avoid dampness. Restrain the younger birds by securing the body by side ways and hold the body firmly. Sub adults and adults can be secured by holding the wing by side way and by grabbing both the wings and place by dragging closely to a persons legs. Never allow bird to kick. Bird can kick side ways and front ways. Hence, better securing and firm holding is necessary to avoid harming the bird as well as person. Do’s: Monitor flock at least once daily for alertness of birds, feeding and watering troughs Notice leg deformities and droppings. Identify and isolate ailing birds Practice all- in –all- out system. Never keep in the vicinity of the adult birds Don’ts: Never keep sharp objects, pebbles in the vicinity of the birds. Birds are mischievous and grab any thing that comes in their vicinity. Never handle or disturb the birds for restraining or vaccination during the hot weather conditions. Provide cool and clean water throughout the day.

Breeder management Emu birds attain sexual maturity by 18- 24 months age. Keep sex ratio of male to female as 1:1. In case of pen mating, pairing should be done based on the compatibility. During mating, offer floor space of about 2500 sft (100 x 25) per pair. Trees and shrubs may be provided for privacy and to induce mating. Offer breeder diet well in advance i.e 3- 4 weeks prior to breeding programme, and fortify with minerals and vitamins to ensure better fertility and hatchability in birds. Normally, adult bird consumes 1 kg feed /day. But during breeding season, feed intake will be drastically reduced. Hence intake of nutrients must be ensured. First egg is laid at around two and half years age. Eggs will be laid during October to February, particularly cooler days of the year. The time of egg laying is around 5.30 to 7.00 PM. Eggs can be collected twice daily to avoid damage in the pen. Normally, a hen lays about 15 eggs during first year cycle, In subsequent years, the egg production increases till it can reach about 30-40 eggs. On an average, a hen lays 25 eggs per year. Egg weighs about 475-650 g with an average egg weight of 560 g in a year. Egg appears greenish and looks like tough marble. The intensity of colour varies from light, medium to dark green. The surface varies from rough to smooth. Majority of eggs (42%) are medium green with rough surface.   Emu eggs Feed the breeder ration with sufficient calcium (2.7%) for ensuring proper calcification of egg with strength. Feeding excess calcium to the breeding bird before laying will upset the egg production and also impairs the male fertility. Provide extra calcium in the form of grit or calcite powder, by placing in a separate trough. Collect eggs frequently from the pen. If eggs are soiled, clean with sand paper and mop up with cotton. Store the eggs in a cooler room providing 600F. Never store eggs for more than 10 days to ensure better hatchability. Eggs stored at room temperature can be set every 3 to 4 days for good hatchability.

Incubation and Hatching Set the fertile eggs after adjusting to room temperature. Place in a horizontal or in slant arranged row-wise in a tray. Keep the egg incubator ready by cleaning and disinfecting them thoroughly. Switch on the machine for setting the correct incubating temperature i.e dry bulb temperature of about 96-970F and wet bulb temperature of about 78-800F (about 30-40% RH). Place carefully the egg tray in a setter, once the incubator is ready with set temperature and relative humidity and place identification slip for date of set and pedigree, if required. Fumigate the incubator with 20g potassium permanganate + 40 ml formaline for every 100 cft of incubator space. Turn the eggs every one hour till the 48th day of incubation. From 49th day onwards, stop turning the eggs and watch for pipping. By 52nd day, the incubation period ends. The chicks need drying. Hold the chicks for at least 24 to 72 hours in the hatcher compartment, for reducing the down and to become healthy chicks. Normally hatchability will be 70% or more. There are many reasons for low hatchability. Proper breeder nutrition ensures healthy chicks.

Feeding Emus need balanced diet for their proper growth and reproduction. Based on the literature, certain nutrient requirements were suggested (Table 1 and 3). Feed can be prepared by using common poultry feed ingredients (Table 2). Feed alone accounts for 60-70% of the production cost, hence least cost rations will improve the margin of returns over feeding. In commercial farms, feed intake per emu breeding pair per annum varied from 394-632 kg with a mean of 527kg. Cost of feed was Rs.6.50 and 7.50 during non-breeding and breeding season respectively. Nutrient requirements suggested for Emu at different age groups Parameter Starter 10-14 week age or up to 10kg body weight Grower 15-34 wk age or10-25kg body weight Breeder Crude Protein% 20 18 20 Lysine % 1.0 0.8 0.9 Methionine% 0.45 0.4 0.40 Tryptophan % 0.17 0.15 0.18 Threonine % 0.50 0.48 0.60 Calcium % mini 1.5 1.5 2.50 Total phosphorus % 0.80 0.7 0.6 Sodium chloride % 0.40 0.3 0.4 Crude fiber (max) % 9 10 10 Vitamin A(IU/kg) 15000 8800 15000 Vitamin D 3 (ICU/kg) 4500 3300 4500 Vitamin E (IU/kg) 100 44 100 Vitamin B 12 (µ g/kg) 45 22 45 Choline (mg/kg) 2200 2200 2200 Copper (mg/kg) 30 33 30 Zinc (mg/kg) 110 110 110 Manganese (mg/kg) 150 154 150 Iodine (mg/kg) 1.1 1.1 1.1 Emu Feeds (kg/100kg) Ingredients Starter Grower Finisher Breeder Maintenance Maize 50 45 60 50 40 Soybean meal 30 25 20 25 25 DORB 10 16.25 16.15 15.50 16.30 Sunflower 6.15 10 0 0 15 Dicalcium phosphate 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Calcite powder 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Shell grit 0 0 0 6 0 Salt 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Trace minerals 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Vitamins 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Cociodiostat 0.05 0.05 0.05 0 0 Methionine 0.25 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.15 Choline chloride 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05

Healthcare and management Ratite birds are generally sturdy and live long (80% livability). Mortality and health problems in emus are mainly in chicks and juveniles. These include starvation, malnutrition, intestinal obstruction, leg abnormalities, coli infections and clostridial infections. The main causes were improper brooding or nutrition, stress, improper handling and genetic disorders. Other diseases reported were rhinitis, candidiasis, salmonella, aspergillosis, coccidiosis, lice and ascarid infestations. Ivermectin can be given to prevent external and internal worms at 1 month interval beginning at 1 month age. In emu, enteritis and viral eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) were reported. In India, so far few outbreaks of Ranikhet disease were recorded based on gross lesions but were not confirmed. However, the birds vaccinated for R.D at the age of 1 (lasota), 4 (lasota booster) weeks; 8, 15 and 40 weeks by mukteswar strain gave better immunity.

Emu products Meat from emu and ostrich are of high quality in terms of low fat, low cholesterol, gamey flavour. Valued cuts are from thigh and larger muscle of drum or lower leg. Emu skin is fine and strong. Leg skin is of distinctive pattern hence highly valued. Emu fat is rendered to produce oil, which has dietary, therapeutic (anti inflammatory) and cosmetic value.

Economics Emu farm economic survey indicated that cost involved in purchase of breeding stock were expensive (68%).  The rest of the investments are on farm (13%) and hatchery (19%). Feeding cost per breeding pair per annum was estimated to be Rs. 3600. Cost of production of hatching egg and day-old chick was Rs.793 and 1232 respectively.  Annual feed intake per pair was recorded as 524 kg, costing Rs.3578.  The cost of salable chick at day-old age was Rs.2500-3000.  The cost of salable chick at 3 month age was Rs.5000-6000. Better returns from emu are possible with good hatchability (more than 80%), lower feeding cost and minimized chick mortality (less than 10%).